0002-block-introduce-the-BFQ-v7r11-I-O-sched-to-be-ported.patch

From d9af6fcc4167cbb8433b10bbf3663c8297487f52 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paolo Valente <paolo.valente@unimore.it>
Date: Thu, 9 May 2013 19:10:02 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 2/4] block: introduce the BFQ-v7r11 I/O sched, to be ported to
 4.8.0

The general structure is borrowed from CFQ, as much of the code for
handling I/O contexts. Over time, several useful features have been
ported from CFQ as well (details in the changelog in README.BFQ). A
(bfq_)queue is associated to each task doing I/O on a device, and each
time a scheduling decision has to be made a queue is selected and served
until it expires.

    - Slices are given in the service domain: tasks are assigned
      budgets, measured in number of sectors. Once got the disk, a task
      must however consume its assigned budget within a configurable
      maximum time (by default, the maximum possible value of the
      budgets is automatically computed to comply with this timeout).
      This allows the desired latency vs "throughput boosting" tradeoff
      to be set.

    - Budgets are scheduled according to a variant of WF2Q+, implemented
      using an augmented rb-tree to take eligibility into account while
      preserving an O(log N) overall complexity.

    - A low-latency tunable is provided; if enabled, both interactive
      and soft real-time applications are guaranteed a very low latency.

    - Latency guarantees are preserved also in the presence of NCQ.

    - Also with flash-based devices, a high throughput is achieved
      while still preserving latency guarantees.

    - BFQ features Early Queue Merge (EQM), a sort of fusion of the
      cooperating-queue-merging and the preemption mechanisms present
      in CFQ. EQM is in fact a unified mechanism that tries to get a
      sequential read pattern, and hence a high throughput, with any
      set of processes performing interleaved I/O over a contiguous
      sequence of sectors.

    - BFQ supports full hierarchical scheduling, exporting a cgroups
      interface.  Since each node has a full scheduler, each group can
      be assigned its own weight.

    - If the cgroups interface is not used, only I/O priorities can be
      assigned to processes, with ioprio values mapped to weights
      with the relation weight = IOPRIO_BE_NR - ioprio.

    - ioprio classes are served in strict priority order, i.e., lower
      priority queues are not served as long as there are higher
      priority queues.  Among queues in the same class the bandwidth is
      distributed in proportion to the weight of each queue. A very
      thin extra bandwidth is however guaranteed to the Idle class, to
      prevent it from starving.

Signed-off-by: Paolo Valente <paolo.valente@unimore.it>
Signed-off-by: Arianna Avanzini <avanzini@google.com>
---
 block/Kconfig.iosched |    6 +-
 block/bfq-cgroup.c    | 1186 ++++++++++++++++
 block/bfq-ioc.c       |   36 +
 block/bfq-iosched.c   | 3763 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 block/bfq-sched.c     | 1199 ++++++++++++++++
 block/bfq.h           |  801 +++++++++++
 6 files changed, 6987 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 block/bfq-cgroup.c
 create mode 100644 block/bfq-ioc.c
 create mode 100644 block/bfq-iosched.c
 create mode 100644 block/bfq-sched.c
 create mode 100644 block/bfq.h

diff --git a/block/Kconfig.iosched b/block/Kconfig.iosched
index 0ee5f0f..f78cd1a 100644
--- a/block/Kconfig.iosched
+++ b/block/Kconfig.iosched
@@ -51,14 +51,12 @@ config IOSCHED_BFQ
 	  applications. If compiled built-in (saying Y here), BFQ can
 	  be configured to support hierarchical scheduling.
 
-config CGROUP_BFQIO
+config BFQ_GROUP_IOSCHED
 	bool "BFQ hierarchical scheduling support"
 	depends on CGROUPS && IOSCHED_BFQ=y
 	default n
 	---help---
-	  Enable hierarchical scheduling in BFQ, using the cgroups
-	  filesystem interface.  The name of the subsystem will be
-	  bfqio.
+	  Enable hierarchical scheduling in BFQ, using the blkio controller.
 
 choice
 	prompt "Default I/O scheduler"
diff --git a/block/bfq-cgroup.c b/block/bfq-cgroup.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b08a57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/block/bfq-cgroup.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1186 @@
+/*
+ * BFQ: CGROUPS support.
+ *
+ * Based on ideas and code from CFQ:
+ * Copyright (C) 2003 Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 Fabio Checconi <fabio@gandalf.sssup.it>
+ *		      Paolo Valente <paolo.valente@unimore.it>
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2010 Paolo Valente <paolo.valente@unimore.it>
+ *
+ * Licensed under the GPL-2 as detailed in the accompanying COPYING.BFQ
+ * file.
+ */
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_BFQ_GROUP_IOSCHED
+
+/* bfqg stats flags */
+enum bfqg_stats_flags {
+	BFQG_stats_waiting = 0,
+	BFQG_stats_idling,
+	BFQG_stats_empty,
+};
+
+#define BFQG_FLAG_FNS(name)						\
+static void bfqg_stats_mark_##name(struct bfqg_stats *stats)	\
+{									\
+	stats->flags |= (1 << BFQG_stats_##name);			\
+}									\
+static void bfqg_stats_clear_##name(struct bfqg_stats *stats)	\
+{									\
+	stats->flags &= ~(1 << BFQG_stats_##name);			\
+}									\
+static int bfqg_stats_##name(struct bfqg_stats *stats)		\
+{									\
+	return (stats->flags & (1 << BFQG_stats_##name)) != 0;		\
+}									\
+
+BFQG_FLAG_FNS(waiting)
+BFQG_FLAG_FNS(idling)
+BFQG_FLAG_FNS(empty)
+#undef BFQG_FLAG_FNS
+
+/* This should be called with the queue_lock held. */
+static void bfqg_stats_update_group_wait_time(struct bfqg_stats *stats)
+{
+	unsigned long long now;
+
+	if (!bfqg_stats_waiting(stats))
+		return;
+
+	now = sched_clock();
+	if (time_after64(now, stats->start_group_wait_time))
+		blkg_stat_add(&stats->group_wait_time,
+			      now - stats->start_group_wait_time);
+	bfqg_stats_clear_waiting(stats);
+}
+
+/* This should be called with the queue_lock held. */
+static void bfqg_stats_set_start_group_wait_time(struct bfq_group *bfqg,
+						 struct bfq_group *curr_bfqg)
+{
+	struct bfqg_stats *stats = &bfqg->stats;
+
+	if (bfqg_stats_waiting(stats))
+		return;
+	if (bfqg == curr_bfqg)
+		return;
+	stats->start_group_wait_time = sched_clock();
+	bfqg_stats_mark_waiting(stats);
+}
+
+/* This should be called with the queue_lock held. */
+static void bfqg_stats_end_empty_time(struct bfqg_stats *stats)
+{
+	unsigned long long now;
+
+	if (!bfqg_stats_empty(stats))
+		return;
+
+	now = sched_clock();
+	if (time_after64(now, stats->start_empty_time))
+		blkg_stat_add(&stats->empty_time,
+			      now - stats->start_empty_time);
+	bfqg_stats_clear_empty(stats);
+}
+
+static void bfqg_stats_update_dequeue(struct bfq_group *bfqg)
+{
+	blkg_stat_add(&bfqg->stats.dequeue, 1);
+}
+
+static void bfqg_stats_set_start_empty_time(struct bfq_group *bfqg)
+{
+	struct bfqg_stats *stats = &bfqg->stats;
+
+	if (blkg_rwstat_total(&stats->queued))
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * group is already marked empty. This can happen if bfqq got new
+	 * request in parent group and moved to this group while being added
+	 * to service tree. Just ignore the event and move on.
+	 */
+	if (bfqg_stats_empty(stats))
+		return;
+
+	stats->start_empty_time = sched_clock();
+	bfqg_stats_mark_empty(stats);
+}
+
+static void bfqg_stats_update_idle_time(struct bfq_group *bfqg)
+{
+	struct bfqg_stats *stats = &bfqg->stats;
+
+	if (bfqg_stats_idling(stats)) {
+		unsigned long long now = sched_clock();
+
+		if (time_after64(now, stats->start_idle_time))
+			blkg_stat_add(&stats->idle_time,
+				      now - stats->start_idle_time);
+		bfqg_stats_clear_idling(stats);
+	}
+}
+
+static void bfqg_stats_set_start_idle_time(struct bfq_group *bfqg)
+{
+	struct bfqg_stats *stats = &bfqg->stats;
+
+	stats->start_idle_time = sched_clock();
+	bfqg_stats_mark_idling(stats);
+}
+
+static void bfqg_stats_update_avg_queue_size(struct bfq_group *bfqg)
+{
+	struct bfqg_stats *stats = &bfqg->stats;
+
+	blkg_stat_add(&stats->avg_queue_size_sum,
+		      blkg_rwstat_total(&stats->queued));
+	blkg_stat_add(&stats->avg_queue_size_samples, 1);
+	bfqg_stats_update_group_wait_time(stats);
+}
+
+static struct blkcg_policy blkcg_policy_bfq;
+
+/*
+ * blk-cgroup policy-related handlers
+ * The following functions help in converting between blk-cgroup
+ * internal structures and BFQ-specific structures.
+ */
+
+static struct bfq_group *pd_to_bfqg(struct blkg_policy_data *pd)
+{
+	return pd ? container_of(pd, struct bfq_group, pd) : NULL;
+}
+
+static struct blkcg_gq *bfqg_to_blkg(struct bfq_group *bfqg)
+{
+	return pd_to_blkg(&bfqg->pd);
+}
+
+static struct bfq_group *blkg_to_bfqg(struct blkcg_gq *blkg)
+{
+	struct blkg_policy_data *pd = blkg_to_pd(blkg, &blkcg_policy_bfq);
+
+	BUG_ON(!pd);
+
+	return pd_to_bfqg(pd);
+}
+
+/*
+ * bfq_group handlers
+ * The following functions help in navigating the bfq_group hierarchy
+ * by allowing to find the parent of a bfq_group or the bfq_group
+ * associated to a bfq_queue.
+ */
+
+static struct bfq_group *bfqg_parent(struct bfq_group *bfqg)
+{
+	struct blkcg_gq *pblkg = bfqg_to_blkg(bfqg)->parent;
+
+	return pblkg ? blkg_to_bfqg(pblkg) : NULL;
+}
+
+static struct bfq_group *bfqq_group(struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
+{
+	struct bfq_entity *group_entity = bfqq->entity.parent;
+
+	return group_entity ? container_of(group_entity, struct bfq_group,
+					   entity) :
+			      bfqq->bfqd->root_group;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The following two functions handle get and put of a bfq_group by
+ * wrapping the related blk-cgroup hooks.
+ */
+
+static void bfqg_get(struct bfq_group *bfqg)
+{
+	return blkg_get(bfqg_to_blkg(bfqg));
+}
+
+static void bfqg_put(struct bfq_group *bfqg)
+{
+	return blkg_put(bfqg_to_blkg(bfqg));
+}
+
+static void bfqg_stats_update_io_add(struct bfq_group *bfqg,
+				     struct bfq_queue *bfqq,
+				     int rw)
+{
+	blkg_rwstat_add(&bfqg->stats.queued, rw, 1);
+	bfqg_stats_end_empty_time(&bfqg->stats);
+	if (!(bfqq == ((struct bfq_data *)bfqg->bfqd)->in_service_queue))
+		bfqg_stats_set_start_group_wait_time(bfqg, bfqq_group(bfqq));
+}
+
+static void bfqg_stats_update_io_remove(struct bfq_group *bfqg, int rw)
+{
+	blkg_rwstat_add(&bfqg->stats.queued, rw, -1);
+}
+
+static void bfqg_stats_update_io_merged(struct bfq_group *bfqg, int rw)
+{
+	blkg_rwstat_add(&bfqg->stats.merged, rw, 1);
+}
+
+static void bfqg_stats_update_dispatch(struct bfq_group *bfqg,
+					      uint64_t bytes, int rw)
+{
+	blkg_stat_add(&bfqg->stats.sectors, bytes >> 9);
+	blkg_rwstat_add(&bfqg->stats.serviced, rw, 1);
+	blkg_rwstat_add(&bfqg->stats.service_bytes, rw, bytes);
+}
+
+static void bfqg_stats_update_completion(struct bfq_group *bfqg,
+			uint64_t start_time, uint64_t io_start_time, int rw)
+{
+	struct bfqg_stats *stats = &bfqg->stats;
+	unsigned long long now = sched_clock();
+
+	if (time_after64(now, io_start_time))
+		blkg_rwstat_add(&stats->service_time, rw, now - io_start_time);
+	if (time_after64(io_start_time, start_time))
+		blkg_rwstat_add(&stats->wait_time, rw,
+				io_start_time - start_time);
+}
+
+/* @stats = 0 */
+static void bfqg_stats_reset(struct bfqg_stats *stats)
+{
+	if (!stats)
+		return;
+
+	/* queued stats shouldn't be cleared */
+	blkg_rwstat_reset(&stats->service_bytes);
+	blkg_rwstat_reset(&stats->serviced);
+	blkg_rwstat_reset(&stats->merged);
+	blkg_rwstat_reset(&stats->service_time);
+	blkg_rwstat_reset(&stats->wait_time);
+	blkg_stat_reset(&stats->time);
+	blkg_stat_reset(&stats->unaccounted_time);
+	blkg_stat_reset(&stats->avg_queue_size_sum);
+	blkg_stat_reset(&stats->avg_queue_size_samples);
+	blkg_stat_reset(&stats->dequeue);
+	blkg_stat_reset(&stats->group_wait_time);
+	blkg_stat_reset(&stats->idle_time);
+	blkg_stat_reset(&stats->empty_time);
+}
+
+/* @to += @from */
+static void bfqg_stats_merge(struct bfqg_stats *to, struct bfqg_stats *from)
+{
+	if (!to || !from)
+		return;
+
+	/* queued stats shouldn't be cleared */
+	blkg_rwstat_add_aux(&to->service_bytes, &from->service_bytes);
+	blkg_rwstat_add_aux(&to->serviced, &from->serviced);
+	blkg_rwstat_add_aux(&to->merged, &from->merged);
+	blkg_rwstat_add_aux(&to->service_time, &from->service_time);
+	blkg_rwstat_add_aux(&to->wait_time, &from->wait_time);
+	blkg_stat_add_aux(&from->time, &from->time);
+	blkg_stat_add_aux(&to->unaccounted_time, &from->unaccounted_time);
+	blkg_stat_add_aux(&to->avg_queue_size_sum, &from->avg_queue_size_sum);
+	blkg_stat_add_aux(&to->avg_queue_size_samples,
+			  &from->avg_queue_size_samples);
+	blkg_stat_add_aux(&to->dequeue, &from->dequeue);
+	blkg_stat_add_aux(&to->group_wait_time, &from->group_wait_time);
+	blkg_stat_add_aux(&to->idle_time, &from->idle_time);
+	blkg_stat_add_aux(&to->empty_time, &from->empty_time);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Transfer @bfqg's stats to its parent's dead_stats so that the ancestors'
+ * recursive stats can still account for the amount used by this bfqg after
+ * it's gone.
+ */
+static void bfqg_stats_xfer_dead(struct bfq_group *bfqg)
+{
+	struct bfq_group *parent;
+
+	if (!bfqg) /* root_group */
+		return;
+
+	parent = bfqg_parent(bfqg);
+
+	lockdep_assert_held(bfqg_to_blkg(bfqg)->q->queue_lock);
+
+	if (unlikely(!parent))
+		return;
+
+	bfqg_stats_merge(&parent->dead_stats, &bfqg->stats);
+	bfqg_stats_merge(&parent->dead_stats, &bfqg->dead_stats);
+	bfqg_stats_reset(&bfqg->stats);
+	bfqg_stats_reset(&bfqg->dead_stats);
+}
+
+static void bfq_init_entity(struct bfq_entity *entity,
+			    struct bfq_group *bfqg)
+{
+	struct bfq_queue *bfqq = bfq_entity_to_bfqq(entity);
+
+	entity->weight = entity->new_weight;
+	entity->orig_weight = entity->new_weight;
+	if (bfqq) {
+		bfqq->ioprio = bfqq->new_ioprio;
+		bfqq->ioprio_class = bfqq->new_ioprio_class;
+		bfqg_get(bfqg);
+	}
+	entity->parent = bfqg->my_entity;
+	entity->sched_data = &bfqg->sched_data;
+}
+
+static void bfqg_stats_exit(struct bfqg_stats *stats)
+{
+	blkg_rwstat_exit(&stats->service_bytes);
+	blkg_rwstat_exit(&stats->serviced);
+	blkg_rwstat_exit(&stats->merged);
+	blkg_rwstat_exit(&stats->service_time);
+	blkg_rwstat_exit(&stats->wait_time);
+	blkg_rwstat_exit(&stats->queued);
+	blkg_stat_exit(&stats->sectors);
+	blkg_stat_exit(&stats->time);
+	blkg_stat_exit(&stats->unaccounted_time);
+	blkg_stat_exit(&stats->avg_queue_size_sum);
+	blkg_stat_exit(&stats->avg_queue_size_samples);
+	blkg_stat_exit(&stats->dequeue);
+	blkg_stat_exit(&stats->group_wait_time);
+	blkg_stat_exit(&stats->idle_time);
+	blkg_stat_exit(&stats->empty_time);
+}
+
+static int bfqg_stats_init(struct bfqg_stats *stats, gfp_t gfp)
+{
+	if (blkg_rwstat_init(&stats->service_bytes, gfp) ||
+	    blkg_rwstat_init(&stats->serviced, gfp) ||
+	    blkg_rwstat_init(&stats->merged, gfp) ||
+	    blkg_rwstat_init(&stats->service_time, gfp) ||
+	    blkg_rwstat_init(&stats->wait_time, gfp) ||
+	    blkg_rwstat_init(&stats->queued, gfp) ||
+	    blkg_stat_init(&stats->sectors, gfp) ||
+	    blkg_stat_init(&stats->time, gfp) ||
+	    blkg_stat_init(&stats->unaccounted_time, gfp) ||
+	    blkg_stat_init(&stats->avg_queue_size_sum, gfp) ||
+	    blkg_stat_init(&stats->avg_queue_size_samples, gfp) ||
+	    blkg_stat_init(&stats->dequeue, gfp) ||
+	    blkg_stat_init(&stats->group_wait_time, gfp) ||
+	    blkg_stat_init(&stats->idle_time, gfp) ||
+	    blkg_stat_init(&stats->empty_time, gfp)) {
+		bfqg_stats_exit(stats);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct bfq_group_data *cpd_to_bfqgd(struct blkcg_policy_data *cpd)
+{
+	return cpd ? container_of(cpd, struct bfq_group_data, pd) : NULL;
+}
+
+static struct bfq_group_data *blkcg_to_bfqgd(struct blkcg *blkcg)
+{
+	return cpd_to_bfqgd(blkcg_to_cpd(blkcg, &blkcg_policy_bfq));
+}
+
+static void bfq_cpd_init(struct blkcg_policy_data *cpd)
+{
+	struct bfq_group_data *d = cpd_to_bfqgd(cpd);
+
+	d->weight = BFQ_DEFAULT_GRP_WEIGHT;
+}
+
+static struct blkg_policy_data *bfq_pd_alloc(gfp_t gfp, int node)
+{
+	struct bfq_group *bfqg;
+
+	bfqg = kzalloc_node(sizeof(*bfqg), gfp, node);
+	if (!bfqg)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (bfqg_stats_init(&bfqg->stats, gfp) ||
+	    bfqg_stats_init(&bfqg->dead_stats, gfp)) {
+		kfree(bfqg);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return &bfqg->pd;
+}
+
+static void bfq_group_set_parent(struct bfq_group *bfqg,
+					struct bfq_group *parent)
+{
+	struct bfq_entity *entity;
+
+	BUG_ON(!parent);
+	BUG_ON(!bfqg);
+	BUG_ON(bfqg == parent);
+
+	entity = &bfqg->entity;
+	entity->parent = parent->my_entity;
+	entity->sched_data = &parent->sched_data;
+}
+
+static void bfq_pd_init(struct blkg_policy_data *pd)
+{
+	struct blkcg_gq *blkg = pd_to_blkg(pd);
+	struct bfq_group *bfqg = blkg_to_bfqg(blkg);
+	struct bfq_data *bfqd = blkg->q->elevator->elevator_data;
+	struct bfq_entity *entity = &bfqg->entity;
+	struct bfq_group_data *d = blkcg_to_bfqgd(blkg->blkcg);
+
+	entity->orig_weight = entity->weight = entity->new_weight = d->weight;
+	entity->my_sched_data = &bfqg->sched_data;
+	bfqg->my_entity = entity; /*
+				   * the root_group's will be set to NULL
+				   * in bfq_init_queue()
+				   */
+	bfqg->bfqd = bfqd;
+	bfqg->active_entities = 0;
+}
+
+static void bfq_pd_free(struct blkg_policy_data *pd)
+{
+	struct bfq_group *bfqg = pd_to_bfqg(pd);
+
+	bfqg_stats_exit(&bfqg->stats);
+	bfqg_stats_exit(&bfqg->dead_stats);
+
+	return kfree(bfqg);
+}
+
+/* offset delta from bfqg->stats to bfqg->dead_stats */
+static const int dead_stats_off_delta = offsetof(struct bfq_group, dead_stats) -
+					offsetof(struct bfq_group, stats);
+
+/* to be used by recursive prfill, sums live and dead stats recursively */
+static u64 bfqg_stat_pd_recursive_sum(struct blkg_policy_data *pd, int off)
+{
+	u64 sum = 0;
+
+	sum += blkg_stat_recursive_sum(pd_to_blkg(pd), &blkcg_policy_bfq, off);
+	sum += blkg_stat_recursive_sum(pd_to_blkg(pd), &blkcg_policy_bfq,
+				       off + dead_stats_off_delta);
+	return sum;
+}
+
+/* to be used by recursive prfill, sums live and dead rwstats recursively */
+static struct blkg_rwstat
+bfqg_rwstat_pd_recursive_sum(struct blkg_policy_data *pd, int off)
+{
+	struct blkg_rwstat a, b;
+
+	a = blkg_rwstat_recursive_sum(pd_to_blkg(pd), &blkcg_policy_bfq, off);
+	b = blkg_rwstat_recursive_sum(pd_to_blkg(pd), &blkcg_policy_bfq,
+				      off + dead_stats_off_delta);
+	blkg_rwstat_add_aux(&a, &b);
+	return a;
+}
+
+static void bfq_pd_reset_stats(struct blkg_policy_data *pd)
+{
+	struct bfq_group *bfqg = pd_to_bfqg(pd);
+
+	bfqg_stats_reset(&bfqg->stats);
+	bfqg_stats_reset(&bfqg->dead_stats);
+}
+
+static struct bfq_group *bfq_find_alloc_group(struct bfq_data *bfqd,
+					      struct blkcg *blkcg)
+{
+	struct request_queue *q = bfqd->queue;
+	struct bfq_group *bfqg = NULL, *parent;
+	struct bfq_entity *entity = NULL;
+
+	assert_spin_locked(bfqd->queue->queue_lock);
+
+	/* avoid lookup for the common case where there's no blkcg */
+	if (blkcg == &blkcg_root) {
+		bfqg = bfqd->root_group;
+	} else {
+		struct blkcg_gq *blkg;
+
+		blkg = blkg_lookup_create(blkcg, q);
+		if (!IS_ERR(blkg))
+			bfqg = blkg_to_bfqg(blkg);
+		else /* fallback to root_group */
+			bfqg = bfqd->root_group;
+	}
+
+	BUG_ON(!bfqg);
+
+	/*
+	 * Update chain of bfq_groups as we might be handling a leaf group
+	 * which, along with some of its relatives, has not been hooked yet
+	 * to the private hierarchy of BFQ.
+	 */
+	entity = &bfqg->entity;
+	for_each_entity(entity) {
+		bfqg = container_of(entity, struct bfq_group, entity);
+		BUG_ON(!bfqg);
+		if (bfqg != bfqd->root_group) {
+			parent = bfqg_parent(bfqg);
+			if (!parent)
+				parent = bfqd->root_group;
+			BUG_ON(!parent);
+			bfq_group_set_parent(bfqg, parent);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return bfqg;
+}
+
+/**
+ * bfq_bfqq_move - migrate @bfqq to @bfqg.
+ * @bfqd: queue descriptor.
+ * @bfqq: the queue to move.
+ * @entity: @bfqq's entity.
+ * @bfqg: the group to move to.
+ *
+ * Move @bfqq to @bfqg, deactivating it from its old group and reactivating
+ * it on the new one.  Avoid putting the entity on the old group idle tree.
+ *
+ * Must be called under the queue lock; the cgroup owning @bfqg must
+ * not disappear (by now this just means that we are called under
+ * rcu_read_lock()).
+ */
+static void bfq_bfqq_move(struct bfq_data *bfqd, struct bfq_queue *bfqq,
+			  struct bfq_entity *entity, struct bfq_group *bfqg)
+{
+	int busy, resume;
+
+	busy = bfq_bfqq_busy(bfqq);
+	resume = !RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&bfqq->sort_list);
+
+	BUG_ON(resume && !entity->on_st);
+	BUG_ON(busy && !resume && entity->on_st &&
+	       bfqq != bfqd->in_service_queue);
+
+	if (busy) {
+		BUG_ON(atomic_read(&bfqq->ref) < 2);
+
+		if (!resume)
+			bfq_del_bfqq_busy(bfqd, bfqq, 0);
+		else
+			bfq_deactivate_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, 0);
+	} else if (entity->on_st)
+		bfq_put_idle_entity(bfq_entity_service_tree(entity), entity);
+	bfqg_put(bfqq_group(bfqq));
+
+	/*
+	 * Here we use a reference to bfqg.  We don't need a refcounter
+	 * as the cgroup reference will not be dropped, so that its
+	 * destroy() callback will not be invoked.
+	 */
+	entity->parent = bfqg->my_entity;
+	entity->sched_data = &bfqg->sched_data;
+	bfqg_get(bfqg);
+
+	if (busy) {
+		if (resume)
+			bfq_activate_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq);
+	}
+
+	if (!bfqd->in_service_queue && !bfqd->rq_in_driver)
+		bfq_schedule_dispatch(bfqd);
+}
+
+/**
+ * __bfq_bic_change_cgroup - move @bic to @cgroup.
+ * @bfqd: the queue descriptor.
+ * @bic: the bic to move.
+ * @blkcg: the blk-cgroup to move to.
+ *
+ * Move bic to blkcg, assuming that bfqd->queue is locked; the caller
+ * has to make sure that the reference to cgroup is valid across the call.
+ *
+ * NOTE: an alternative approach might have been to store the current
+ * cgroup in bfqq and getting a reference to it, reducing the lookup
+ * time here, at the price of slightly more complex code.
+ */
+static struct bfq_group *__bfq_bic_change_cgroup(struct bfq_data *bfqd,
+						struct bfq_io_cq *bic,
+						struct blkcg *blkcg)
+{
+	struct bfq_queue *async_bfqq = bic_to_bfqq(bic, 0);
+	struct bfq_queue *sync_bfqq = bic_to_bfqq(bic, 1);
+	struct bfq_group *bfqg;
+	struct bfq_entity *entity;
+
+	lockdep_assert_held(bfqd->queue->queue_lock);
+
+	bfqg = bfq_find_alloc_group(bfqd, blkcg);
+	if (async_bfqq) {
+		entity = &async_bfqq->entity;
+
+		if (entity->sched_data != &bfqg->sched_data) {
+			bic_set_bfqq(bic, NULL, 0);
+			bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, async_bfqq,
+				     "bic_change_group: %p %d",
+				     async_bfqq, atomic_read(&async_bfqq->ref));
+			bfq_put_queue(async_bfqq);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (sync_bfqq) {
+		entity = &sync_bfqq->entity;
+		if (entity->sched_data != &bfqg->sched_data)
+			bfq_bfqq_move(bfqd, sync_bfqq, entity, bfqg);
+	}
+
+	return bfqg;
+}
+
+static void bfq_bic_update_cgroup(struct bfq_io_cq *bic, struct bio *bio)
+{
+	struct bfq_data *bfqd = bic_to_bfqd(bic);
+	struct blkcg *blkcg;
+	struct bfq_group *bfqg = NULL;
+	uint64_t id;
+
+	rcu_read_lock();
+	blkcg = bio_blkcg(bio);
+	id = blkcg->css.serial_nr;
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+
+	/*
+	 * Check whether blkcg has changed.  The condition may trigger
+	 * spuriously on a newly created cic but there's no harm.
+	 */
+	if (unlikely(!bfqd) || likely(bic->blkcg_id == id))
+		return;
+
+	bfqg = __bfq_bic_change_cgroup(bfqd, bic, blkcg);
+	BUG_ON(!bfqg);
+	bic->blkcg_id = id;
+}
+
+/**
+ * bfq_flush_idle_tree - deactivate any entity on the idle tree of @st.
+ * @st: the service tree being flushed.
+ */
+static void bfq_flush_idle_tree(struct bfq_service_tree *st)
+{
+	struct bfq_entity *entity = st->first_idle;
+
+	for (; entity ; entity = st->first_idle)
+		__bfq_deactivate_entity(entity, 0);
+}
+
+/**
+ * bfq_reparent_leaf_entity - move leaf entity to the root_group.
+ * @bfqd: the device data structure with the root group.
+ * @entity: the entity to move.
+ */
+static void bfq_reparent_leaf_entity(struct bfq_data *bfqd,
+				     struct bfq_entity *entity)
+{
+	struct bfq_queue *bfqq = bfq_entity_to_bfqq(entity);
+
+	BUG_ON(!bfqq);
+	bfq_bfqq_move(bfqd, bfqq, entity, bfqd->root_group);
+}
+
+/**
+ * bfq_reparent_active_entities - move to the root group all active
+ *                                entities.
+ * @bfqd: the device data structure with the root group.
+ * @bfqg: the group to move from.
+ * @st: the service tree with the entities.
+ *
+ * Needs queue_lock to be taken and reference to be valid over the call.
+ */
+static void bfq_reparent_active_entities(struct bfq_data *bfqd,
+					 struct bfq_group *bfqg,
+					 struct bfq_service_tree *st)
+{
+	struct rb_root *active = &st->active;
+	struct bfq_entity *entity = NULL;
+
+	if (!RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&st->active))
+		entity = bfq_entity_of(rb_first(active));
+
+	for (; entity ; entity = bfq_entity_of(rb_first(active)))
+		bfq_reparent_leaf_entity(bfqd, entity);
+
+	if (bfqg->sched_data.in_service_entity)
+		bfq_reparent_leaf_entity(bfqd,
+			bfqg->sched_data.in_service_entity);
+}
+
+/**
+ * bfq_destroy_group - destroy @bfqg.
+ * @bfqg: the group being destroyed.
+ *
+ * Destroy @bfqg, making sure that it is not referenced from its parent.
+ * blkio already grabs the queue_lock for us, so no need to use RCU-based magic
+ */
+static void bfq_pd_offline(struct blkg_policy_data *pd)
+{
+	struct bfq_service_tree *st;
+	struct bfq_group *bfqg;
+	struct bfq_data *bfqd;
+	struct bfq_entity *entity;
+	int i;
+
+	BUG_ON(!pd);
+	bfqg = pd_to_bfqg(pd);
+	BUG_ON(!bfqg);
+	bfqd = bfqg->bfqd;
+	BUG_ON(bfqd && !bfqd->root_group);
+
+	entity = bfqg->my_entity;
+
+	if (!entity) /* root group */
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * Empty all service_trees belonging to this group before
+	 * deactivating the group itself.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < BFQ_IOPRIO_CLASSES; i++) {
+		BUG_ON(!bfqg->sched_data.service_tree);
+		st = bfqg->sched_data.service_tree + i;
+		/*
+		 * The idle tree may still contain bfq_queues belonging
+		 * to exited task because they never migrated to a different
+		 * cgroup from the one being destroyed now.  No one else
+		 * can access them so it's safe to act without any lock.
+		 */
+		bfq_flush_idle_tree(st);
+
+		/*
+		 * It may happen that some queues are still active
+		 * (busy) upon group destruction (if the corresponding
+		 * processes have been forced to terminate). We move
+		 * all the leaf entities corresponding to these queues
+		 * to the root_group.
+		 * Also, it may happen that the group has an entity
+		 * in service, which is disconnected from the active
+		 * tree: it must be moved, too.
+		 * There is no need to put the sync queues, as the
+		 * scheduler has taken no reference.
+		 */
+		bfq_reparent_active_entities(bfqd, bfqg, st);
+		BUG_ON(!RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&st->active));
+		BUG_ON(!RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&st->idle));
+	}
+	BUG_ON(bfqg->sched_data.next_in_service);
+	BUG_ON(bfqg->sched_data.in_service_entity);
+
+	__bfq_deactivate_entity(entity, 0);
+	bfq_put_async_queues(bfqd, bfqg);
+	BUG_ON(entity->tree);
+
+	bfqg_stats_xfer_dead(bfqg);
+}
+
+static void bfq_end_wr_async(struct bfq_data *bfqd)
+{
+	struct blkcg_gq *blkg;
+
+	list_for_each_entry(blkg, &bfqd->queue->blkg_list, q_node) {
+		struct bfq_group *bfqg = blkg_to_bfqg(blkg);
+
+		bfq_end_wr_async_queues(bfqd, bfqg);
+	}
+	bfq_end_wr_async_queues(bfqd, bfqd->root_group);
+}
+
+static u64 bfqio_cgroup_weight_read(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css,
+				       struct cftype *cftype)
+{
+	struct blkcg *blkcg = css_to_blkcg(css);
+	struct bfq_group_data *bfqgd = blkcg_to_bfqgd(blkcg);
+	int ret = -EINVAL;
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&blkcg->lock);
+	ret = bfqgd->weight;
+	spin_unlock_irq(&blkcg->lock);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int bfqio_cgroup_weight_read_dfl(struct seq_file *sf, void *v)
+{
+	struct blkcg *blkcg = css_to_blkcg(seq_css(sf));
+	struct bfq_group_data *bfqgd = blkcg_to_bfqgd(blkcg);
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&blkcg->lock);
+	seq_printf(sf, "%u\n", bfqgd->weight);
+	spin_unlock_irq(&blkcg->lock);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int bfqio_cgroup_weight_write(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css,
+					struct cftype *cftype,
+					u64 val)
+{
+	struct blkcg *blkcg = css_to_blkcg(css);
+	struct bfq_group_data *bfqgd = blkcg_to_bfqgd(blkcg);
+	struct blkcg_gq *blkg;
+	int ret = -EINVAL;
+
+	if (val < BFQ_MIN_WEIGHT || val > BFQ_MAX_WEIGHT)
+		return ret;
+
+	ret = 0;
+	spin_lock_irq(&blkcg->lock);
+	bfqgd->weight = (unsigned short)val;
+	hlist_for_each_entry(blkg, &blkcg->blkg_list, blkcg_node) {
+		struct bfq_group *bfqg = blkg_to_bfqg(blkg);
+
+		if (!bfqg)
+			continue;
+		/*
+		 * Setting the prio_changed flag of the entity
+		 * to 1 with new_weight == weight would re-set
+		 * the value of the weight to its ioprio mapping.
+		 * Set the flag only if necessary.
+		 */
+		if ((unsigned short)val != bfqg->entity.new_weight) {
+			bfqg->entity.new_weight = (unsigned short)val;
+			/*
+			 * Make sure that the above new value has been
+			 * stored in bfqg->entity.new_weight before
+			 * setting the prio_changed flag. In fact,
+			 * this flag may be read asynchronously (in
+			 * critical sections protected by a different
+			 * lock than that held here), and finding this
+			 * flag set may cause the execution of the code
+			 * for updating parameters whose value may
+			 * depend also on bfqg->entity.new_weight (in
+			 * __bfq_entity_update_weight_prio).
+			 * This barrier makes sure that the new value
+			 * of bfqg->entity.new_weight is correctly
+			 * seen in that code.
+			 */
+			smp_wmb();
+			bfqg->entity.prio_changed = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	spin_unlock_irq(&blkcg->lock);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static ssize_t bfqio_cgroup_weight_write_dfl(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
+					     char *buf, size_t nbytes,
+					     loff_t off)
+{
+	/* First unsigned long found in the file is used */
+	return bfqio_cgroup_weight_write(of_css(of), NULL,
+					 simple_strtoull(strim(buf), NULL, 0));
+}
+
+static int bfqg_print_stat(struct seq_file *sf, void *v)
+{
+	blkcg_print_blkgs(sf, css_to_blkcg(seq_css(sf)), blkg_prfill_stat,
+			  &blkcg_policy_bfq, seq_cft(sf)->private, false);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int bfqg_print_rwstat(struct seq_file *sf, void *v)
+{
+	blkcg_print_blkgs(sf, css_to_blkcg(seq_css(sf)), blkg_prfill_rwstat,
+			  &blkcg_policy_bfq, seq_cft(sf)->private, true);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static u64 bfqg_prfill_stat_recursive(struct seq_file *sf,
+				      struct blkg_policy_data *pd, int off)
+{
+	u64 sum = bfqg_stat_pd_recursive_sum(pd, off);
+
+	return __blkg_prfill_u64(sf, pd, sum);
+}
+
+static u64 bfqg_prfill_rwstat_recursive(struct seq_file *sf,