0002-block-introduce-the-BFQ-v7r11-I-O-sched-to-be-ported.patch

+ * next request as soon as possible after the last one has been completed
+ * (in contrast, when a batch of requests is completed, a soft real-time
+ * application spends some time processing data).
+ *
+ * Unfortunately, the last filter may easily generate false positives if
+ * only bfqd->bfq_slice_idle is used as a reference time interval and one
+ * or both the following cases occur:
+ * 1) HZ is so low that the duration of a jiffy is comparable to or higher
+ *    than bfqd->bfq_slice_idle. This happens, e.g., on slow devices with
+ *    HZ=100.
+ * 2) jiffies, instead of increasing at a constant rate, may stop increasing
+ *    for a while, then suddenly 'jump' by several units to recover the lost
+ *    increments. This seems to happen, e.g., inside virtual machines.
+ * To address this issue, we do not use as a reference time interval just
+ * bfqd->bfq_slice_idle, but bfqd->bfq_slice_idle plus a few jiffies. In
+ * particular we add the minimum number of jiffies for which the filter
+ * seems to be quite precise also in embedded systems and KVM/QEMU virtual
+ * machines.
+ */
+static unsigned long bfq_bfqq_softrt_next_start(struct bfq_data *bfqd,
+						struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
+{
+	return max(bfqq->last_idle_bklogged +
+		   HZ * bfqq->service_from_backlogged /
+		   bfqd->bfq_wr_max_softrt_rate,
+		   jiffies + bfqq->bfqd->bfq_slice_idle + 4);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the largest-possible time instant such that, for as long as possible,
+ * the current time will be lower than this time instant according to the macro
+ * time_is_before_jiffies().
+ */
+static unsigned long bfq_infinity_from_now(unsigned long now)
+{
+	return now + ULONG_MAX / 2;
+}
+
+/**
+ * bfq_bfqq_expire - expire a queue.
+ * @bfqd: device owning the queue.
+ * @bfqq: the queue to expire.
+ * @compensate: if true, compensate for the time spent idling.
+ * @reason: the reason causing the expiration.
+ *
+ *
+ * If the process associated to the queue is slow (i.e., seeky), or in
+ * case of budget timeout, or, finally, if it is async, we
+ * artificially charge it an entire budget (independently of the
+ * actual service it received). As a consequence, the queue will get
+ * higher timestamps than the correct ones upon reactivation, and
+ * hence it will be rescheduled as if it had received more service
+ * than what it actually received. In the end, this class of processes
+ * will receive less service in proportion to how slowly they consume
+ * their budgets (and hence how seriously they tend to lower the
+ * throughput).
+ *
+ * In contrast, when a queue expires because it has been idling for
+ * too much or because it exhausted its budget, we do not touch the
+ * amount of service it has received. Hence when the queue will be
+ * reactivated and its timestamps updated, the latter will be in sync
+ * with the actual service received by the queue until expiration.
+ *
+ * Charging a full budget to the first type of queues and the exact
+ * service to the others has the effect of using the WF2Q+ policy to
+ * schedule the former on a timeslice basis, without violating the
+ * service domain guarantees of the latter.
+ */
+static void bfq_bfqq_expire(struct bfq_data *bfqd,
+			    struct bfq_queue *bfqq,
+			    bool compensate,
+			    enum bfqq_expiration reason)
+{
+	bool slow;
+
+	BUG_ON(bfqq != bfqd->in_service_queue);
+
+	/*
+	 * Update disk peak rate for autotuning and check whether the
+	 * process is slow (see bfq_update_peak_rate).
+	 */
+	slow = bfq_update_peak_rate(bfqd, bfqq, compensate, reason);
+
+	/*
+	 * As above explained, 'punish' slow (i.e., seeky), timed-out
+	 * and async queues, to favor sequential sync workloads.
+	 *
+	 * Processes doing I/O in the slower disk zones will tend to be
+	 * slow(er) even if not seeky. Hence, since the estimated peak
+	 * rate is actually an average over the disk surface, these
+	 * processes may timeout just for bad luck. To avoid punishing
+	 * them we do not charge a full budget to a process that
+	 * succeeded in consuming at least 2/3 of its budget.
+	 */
+	if (slow || (reason == BFQ_BFQQ_BUDGET_TIMEOUT &&
+		     bfq_bfqq_budget_left(bfqq) >=  bfqq->entity.budget / 3))
+		bfq_bfqq_charge_full_budget(bfqq);
+
+	bfqq->service_from_backlogged += bfqq->entity.service;
+
+	if (BFQQ_SEEKY(bfqq) && reason == BFQ_BFQQ_BUDGET_TIMEOUT &&
+	    !bfq_bfqq_constantly_seeky(bfqq)) {
+		bfq_mark_bfqq_constantly_seeky(bfqq);
+		if (!blk_queue_nonrot(bfqd->queue))
+			bfqd->const_seeky_busy_in_flight_queues++;
+	}
+
+	if (reason == BFQ_BFQQ_TOO_IDLE &&
+	    bfqq->entity.service <= 2 * bfqq->entity.budget / 10)
+		bfq_clear_bfqq_IO_bound(bfqq);
+
+	if (bfqd->low_latency && bfqq->wr_coeff == 1)
+		bfqq->last_wr_start_finish = jiffies;
+
+	if (bfqd->low_latency && bfqd->bfq_wr_max_softrt_rate > 0 &&
+	    RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&bfqq->sort_list)) {
+		/*
+		 * If we get here, and there are no outstanding requests,
+		 * then the request pattern is isochronous (see the comments
+		 * to the function bfq_bfqq_softrt_next_start()). Hence we
+		 * can compute soft_rt_next_start. If, instead, the queue
+		 * still has outstanding requests, then we have to wait
+		 * for the completion of all the outstanding requests to
+		 * discover whether the request pattern is actually
+		 * isochronous.
+		 */
+		if (bfqq->dispatched == 0)
+			bfqq->soft_rt_next_start =
+				bfq_bfqq_softrt_next_start(bfqd, bfqq);
+		else {
+			/*
+			 * The application is still waiting for the
+			 * completion of one or more requests:
+			 * prevent it from possibly being incorrectly
+			 * deemed as soft real-time by setting its
+			 * soft_rt_next_start to infinity. In fact,
+			 * without this assignment, the application
+			 * would be incorrectly deemed as soft
+			 * real-time if:
+			 * 1) it issued a new request before the
+			 *    completion of all its in-flight
+			 *    requests, and
+			 * 2) at that time, its soft_rt_next_start
+			 *    happened to be in the past.
+			 */
+			bfqq->soft_rt_next_start =
+				bfq_infinity_from_now(jiffies);
+			/*
+			 * Schedule an update of soft_rt_next_start to when
+			 * the task may be discovered to be isochronous.
+			 */
+			bfq_mark_bfqq_softrt_update(bfqq);
+		}
+	}
+
+	bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq,
+		"expire (%d, slow %d, num_disp %d, idle_win %d)", reason,
+		slow, bfqq->dispatched, bfq_bfqq_idle_window(bfqq));
+
+	/*
+	 * Increase, decrease or leave budget unchanged according to
+	 * reason.
+	 */
+	__bfq_bfqq_recalc_budget(bfqd, bfqq, reason);
+	__bfq_bfqq_expire(bfqd, bfqq);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Budget timeout is not implemented through a dedicated timer, but
+ * just checked on request arrivals and completions, as well as on
+ * idle timer expirations.
+ */
+static bool bfq_bfqq_budget_timeout(struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
+{
+	if (bfq_bfqq_budget_new(bfqq) ||
+	    time_before(jiffies, bfqq->budget_timeout))
+		return false;
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * If we expire a queue that is waiting for the arrival of a new
+ * request, we may prevent the fictitious timestamp back-shifting that
+ * allows the guarantees of the queue to be preserved (see [1] for
+ * this tricky aspect). Hence we return true only if this condition
+ * does not hold, or if the queue is slow enough to deserve only to be
+ * kicked off for preserving a high throughput.
+*/
+static bool bfq_may_expire_for_budg_timeout(struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
+{
+	bfq_log_bfqq(bfqq->bfqd, bfqq,
+		"may_budget_timeout: wait_request %d left %d timeout %d",
+		bfq_bfqq_wait_request(bfqq),
+			bfq_bfqq_budget_left(bfqq) >=  bfqq->entity.budget / 3,
+		bfq_bfqq_budget_timeout(bfqq));
+
+	return (!bfq_bfqq_wait_request(bfqq) ||
+		bfq_bfqq_budget_left(bfqq) >=  bfqq->entity.budget / 3)
+		&&
+		bfq_bfqq_budget_timeout(bfqq);
+}
+
+/*
+ * For a queue that becomes empty, device idling is allowed only if
+ * this function returns true for that queue. As a consequence, since
+ * device idling plays a critical role for both throughput boosting
+ * and service guarantees, the return value of this function plays a
+ * critical role as well.
+ *
+ * In a nutshell, this function returns true only if idling is
+ * beneficial for throughput or, even if detrimental for throughput,
+ * idling is however necessary to preserve service guarantees (low
+ * latency, desired throughput distribution, ...). In particular, on
+ * NCQ-capable devices, this function tries to return false, so as to
+ * help keep the drives' internal queues full, whenever this helps the
+ * device boost the throughput without causing any service-guarantee
+ * issue.
+ *
+ * In more detail, the return value of this function is obtained by,
+ * first, computing a number of boolean variables that take into
+ * account throughput and service-guarantee issues, and, then,
+ * combining these variables in a logical expression. Most of the
+ * issues taken into account are not trivial. We discuss these issues
+ * while introducing the variables.
+ */
+static bool bfq_bfqq_may_idle(struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
+{
+	struct bfq_data *bfqd = bfqq->bfqd;
+	bool idling_boosts_thr, idling_boosts_thr_without_issues,
+		all_queues_seeky, on_hdd_and_not_all_queues_seeky,
+		idling_needed_for_service_guarantees,
+		asymmetric_scenario;
+
+	/*
+	 * The next variable takes into account the cases where idling
+	 * boosts the throughput.
+	 *
+	 * The value of the variable is computed considering, first, that
+	 * idling is virtually always beneficial for the throughput if:
+	 * (a) the device is not NCQ-capable, or
+	 * (b) regardless of the presence of NCQ, the device is rotational
+	 *     and the request pattern for bfqq is I/O-bound and sequential.
+	 *
+	 * Secondly, and in contrast to the above item (b), idling an
+	 * NCQ-capable flash-based device would not boost the
+	 * throughput even with sequential I/O; rather it would lower
+	 * the throughput in proportion to how fast the device
+	 * is. Accordingly, the next variable is true if any of the
+	 * above conditions (a) and (b) is true, and, in particular,
+	 * happens to be false if bfqd is an NCQ-capable flash-based
+	 * device.
+	 */
+	idling_boosts_thr = !bfqd->hw_tag ||
+		(!blk_queue_nonrot(bfqd->queue) && bfq_bfqq_IO_bound(bfqq) &&
+		 bfq_bfqq_idle_window(bfqq));
+
+	/*
+	 * The value of the next variable,
+	 * idling_boosts_thr_without_issues, is equal to that of
+	 * idling_boosts_thr, unless a special case holds. In this
+	 * special case, described below, idling may cause problems to
+	 * weight-raised queues.
+	 *
+	 * When the request pool is saturated (e.g., in the presence
+	 * of write hogs), if the processes associated with
+	 * non-weight-raised queues ask for requests at a lower rate,
+	 * then processes associated with weight-raised queues have a
+	 * higher probability to get a request from the pool
+	 * immediately (or at least soon) when they need one. Thus
+	 * they have a higher probability to actually get a fraction
+	 * of the device throughput proportional to their high
+	 * weight. This is especially true with NCQ-capable drives,
+	 * which enqueue several requests in advance, and further
+	 * reorder internally-queued requests.
+	 *
+	 * For this reason, we force to false the value of
+	 * idling_boosts_thr_without_issues if there are weight-raised
+	 * busy queues. In this case, and if bfqq is not weight-raised,
+	 * this guarantees that the device is not idled for bfqq (if,
+	 * instead, bfqq is weight-raised, then idling will be
+	 * guaranteed by another variable, see below). Combined with
+	 * the timestamping rules of BFQ (see [1] for details), this
+	 * behavior causes bfqq, and hence any sync non-weight-raised
+	 * queue, to get a lower number of requests served, and thus
+	 * to ask for a lower number of requests from the request
+	 * pool, before the busy weight-raised queues get served
+	 * again. This often mitigates starvation problems in the
+	 * presence of heavy write workloads and NCQ, thereby
+	 * guaranteeing a higher application and system responsiveness
+	 * in these hostile scenarios.
+	 */
+	idling_boosts_thr_without_issues = idling_boosts_thr &&
+		bfqd->wr_busy_queues == 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * There are then two cases where idling must be performed not
+	 * for throughput concerns, but to preserve service
+	 * guarantees. In the description of these cases, we say, for
+	 * short, that a queue is sequential/random if the process
+	 * associated to the queue issues sequential/random requests
+	 * (in the second case the queue may be tagged as seeky or
+	 * even constantly_seeky).
+	 *
+	 * To introduce the first case, we note that, since
+	 * bfq_bfqq_idle_window(bfqq) is false if the device is
+	 * NCQ-capable and bfqq is random (see
+	 * bfq_update_idle_window()), then, from the above two
+	 * assignments it follows that
+	 * idling_boosts_thr_without_issues is false if the device is
+	 * NCQ-capable and bfqq is random. Therefore, for this case,
+	 * device idling would never be allowed if we used just
+	 * idling_boosts_thr_without_issues to decide whether to allow
+	 * it. And, beneficially, this would imply that throughput
+	 * would always be boosted also with random I/O on NCQ-capable
+	 * HDDs.
+	 *
+	 * But we must be careful on this point, to avoid an unfair
+	 * treatment for bfqq. In fact, because of the same above
+	 * assignments, idling_boosts_thr_without_issues is, on the
+	 * other hand, true if 1) the device is an HDD and bfqq is
+	 * sequential, and 2) there are no busy weight-raised
+	 * queues. As a consequence, if we used just
+	 * idling_boosts_thr_without_issues to decide whether to idle
+	 * the device, then with an HDD we might easily bump into a
+	 * scenario where queues that are sequential and I/O-bound
+	 * would enjoy idling, whereas random queues would not. The
+	 * latter might then get a low share of the device throughput,
+	 * simply because the former would get many requests served
+	 * after being set as in service, while the latter would not.
+	 *
+	 * To address this issue, we start by setting to true a
+	 * sentinel variable, on_hdd_and_not_all_queues_seeky, if the
+	 * device is rotational and not all queues with pending or
+	 * in-flight requests are constantly seeky (i.e., there are
+	 * active sequential queues, and bfqq might then be mistreated
+	 * if it does not enjoy idling because it is random).
+	 */
+	all_queues_seeky = bfq_bfqq_constantly_seeky(bfqq) &&
+			   bfqd->busy_in_flight_queues ==
+			   bfqd->const_seeky_busy_in_flight_queues;
+
+	on_hdd_and_not_all_queues_seeky =
+		!blk_queue_nonrot(bfqd->queue) && !all_queues_seeky;
+
+	/*
+	 * To introduce the second case where idling needs to be
+	 * performed to preserve service guarantees, we can note that
+	 * allowing the drive to enqueue more than one request at a
+	 * time, and hence delegating de facto final scheduling
+	 * decisions to the drive's internal scheduler, causes loss of
+	 * control on the actual request service order. In particular,
+	 * the critical situation is when requests from different
+	 * processes happens to be present, at the same time, in the
+	 * internal queue(s) of the drive. In such a situation, the
+	 * drive, by deciding the service order of the
+	 * internally-queued requests, does determine also the actual
+	 * throughput distribution among these processes. But the
+	 * drive typically has no notion or concern about per-process
+	 * throughput distribution, and makes its decisions only on a
+	 * per-request basis. Therefore, the service distribution
+	 * enforced by the drive's internal scheduler is likely to
+	 * coincide with the desired device-throughput distribution
+	 * only in a completely symmetric scenario where:
+	 * (i)  each of these processes must get the same throughput as
+	 *      the others;
+	 * (ii) all these processes have the same I/O pattern
+	 *      (either sequential or random).
+	 * In fact, in such a scenario, the drive will tend to treat
+	 * the requests of each of these processes in about the same
+	 * way as the requests of the others, and thus to provide
+	 * each of these processes with about the same throughput
+	 * (which is exactly the desired throughput distribution). In
+	 * contrast, in any asymmetric scenario, device idling is
+	 * certainly needed to guarantee that bfqq receives its
+	 * assigned fraction of the device throughput (see [1] for
+	 * details).
+	 *
+	 * We address this issue by controlling, actually, only the
+	 * symmetry sub-condition (i), i.e., provided that
+	 * sub-condition (i) holds, idling is not performed,
+	 * regardless of whether sub-condition (ii) holds. In other
+	 * words, only if sub-condition (i) holds, then idling is
+	 * allowed, and the device tends to be prevented from queueing
+	 * many requests, possibly of several processes. The reason
+	 * for not controlling also sub-condition (ii) is that, first,
+	 * in the case of an HDD, the asymmetry in terms of types of
+	 * I/O patterns is already taken in to account in the above
+	 * sentinel variable
+	 * on_hdd_and_not_all_queues_seeky. Secondly, in the case of a
+	 * flash-based device, we prefer however to privilege
+	 * throughput (and idling lowers throughput for this type of
+	 * devices), for the following reasons:
+	 * 1) differently from HDDs, the service time of random
+	 *    requests is not orders of magnitudes lower than the service
+	 *    time of sequential requests; thus, even if processes doing
+	 *    sequential I/O get a preferential treatment with respect to
+	 *    others doing random I/O, the consequences are not as
+	 *    dramatic as with HDDs;
+	 * 2) if a process doing random I/O does need strong
+	 *    throughput guarantees, it is hopefully already being
+	 *    weight-raised, or the user is likely to have assigned it a
+	 *    higher weight than the other processes (and thus
+	 *    sub-condition (i) is likely to be false, which triggers
+	 *    idling).
+	 *
+	 * According to the above considerations, the next variable is
+	 * true (only) if sub-condition (i) holds. To compute the
+	 * value of this variable, we not only use the return value of
+	 * the function bfq_symmetric_scenario(), but also check
+	 * whether bfqq is being weight-raised, because
+	 * bfq_symmetric_scenario() does not take into account also
+	 * weight-raised queues (see comments to
+	 * bfq_weights_tree_add()).
+	 *
+	 * As a side note, it is worth considering that the above
+	 * device-idling countermeasures may however fail in the
+	 * following unlucky scenario: if idling is (correctly)
+	 * disabled in a time period during which all symmetry
+	 * sub-conditions hold, and hence the device is allowed to
+	 * enqueue many requests, but at some later point in time some
+	 * sub-condition stops to hold, then it may become impossible
+	 * to let requests be served in the desired order until all
+	 * the requests already queued in the device have been served.
+	 */
+	asymmetric_scenario = bfqq->wr_coeff > 1 ||
+		!bfq_symmetric_scenario(bfqd);
+
+	/*
+	 * Finally, there is a case where maximizing throughput is the
+	 * best choice even if it may cause unfairness toward
+	 * bfqq. Such a case is when bfqq became active in a burst of
+	 * queue activations. Queues that became active during a large
+	 * burst benefit only from throughput, as discussed in the
+	 * comments to bfq_handle_burst. Thus, if bfqq became active
+	 * in a burst and not idling the device maximizes throughput,
+	 * then the device must no be idled, because not idling the
+	 * device provides bfqq and all other queues in the burst with
+	 * maximum benefit. Combining this and the two cases above, we
+	 * can now establish when idling is actually needed to
+	 * preserve service guarantees.
+	 */
+	idling_needed_for_service_guarantees =
+		(on_hdd_and_not_all_queues_seeky || asymmetric_scenario) &&
+		!bfq_bfqq_in_large_burst(bfqq);
+
+	/*
+	 * We have now all the components we need to compute the return
+	 * value of the function, which is true only if both the following
+	 * conditions hold:
+	 * 1) bfqq is sync, because idling make sense only for sync queues;
+	 * 2) idling either boosts the throughput (without issues), or
+	 *    is necessary to preserve service guarantees.
+	 */
+	return bfq_bfqq_sync(bfqq) &&
+		(idling_boosts_thr_without_issues ||
+		 idling_needed_for_service_guarantees);
+}
+
+/*
+ * If the in-service queue is empty but the function bfq_bfqq_may_idle
+ * returns true, then:
+ * 1) the queue must remain in service and cannot be expired, and
+ * 2) the device must be idled to wait for the possible arrival of a new
+ *    request for the queue.
+ * See the comments to the function bfq_bfqq_may_idle for the reasons
+ * why performing device idling is the best choice to boost the throughput
+ * and preserve service guarantees when bfq_bfqq_may_idle itself
+ * returns true.
+ */
+static bool bfq_bfqq_must_idle(struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
+{
+	struct bfq_data *bfqd = bfqq->bfqd;
+
+	return RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&bfqq->sort_list) && bfqd->bfq_slice_idle != 0 &&
+	       bfq_bfqq_may_idle(bfqq);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Select a queue for service.  If we have a current queue in service,
+ * check whether to continue servicing it, or retrieve and set a new one.
+ */
+static struct bfq_queue *bfq_select_queue(struct bfq_data *bfqd)
+{
+	struct bfq_queue *bfqq;
+	struct request *next_rq;
+	enum bfqq_expiration reason = BFQ_BFQQ_BUDGET_TIMEOUT;
+
+	bfqq = bfqd->in_service_queue;
+	if (!bfqq)
+		goto new_queue;
+
+	bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "select_queue: already in-service queue");
+
+	if (bfq_may_expire_for_budg_timeout(bfqq) &&
+	    !timer_pending(&bfqd->idle_slice_timer) &&
+	    !bfq_bfqq_must_idle(bfqq))
+		goto expire;
+
+	next_rq = bfqq->next_rq;
+	/*
+	 * If bfqq has requests queued and it has enough budget left to
+	 * serve them, keep the queue, otherwise expire it.
+	 */
+	if (next_rq) {
+		if (bfq_serv_to_charge(next_rq, bfqq) >
+			bfq_bfqq_budget_left(bfqq)) {
+			reason = BFQ_BFQQ_BUDGET_EXHAUSTED;
+			goto expire;
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * The idle timer may be pending because we may
+			 * not disable disk idling even when a new request
+			 * arrives.
+			 */
+			if (timer_pending(&bfqd->idle_slice_timer)) {
+				/*
+				 * If we get here: 1) at least a new request
+				 * has arrived but we have not disabled the
+				 * timer because the request was too small,
+				 * 2) then the block layer has unplugged
+				 * the device, causing the dispatch to be
+				 * invoked.
+				 *
+				 * Since the device is unplugged, now the
+				 * requests are probably large enough to
+				 * provide a reasonable throughput.
+				 * So we disable idling.
+				 */
+				bfq_clear_bfqq_wait_request(bfqq);
+				del_timer(&bfqd->idle_slice_timer);
+#ifdef CONFIG_BFQ_GROUP_IOSCHED
+				bfqg_stats_update_idle_time(bfqq_group(bfqq));
+#endif
+			}
+			goto keep_queue;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * No requests pending. However, if the in-service queue is idling
+	 * for a new request, or has requests waiting for a completion and
+	 * may idle after their completion, then keep it anyway.
+	 */
+	if (timer_pending(&bfqd->idle_slice_timer) ||
+	    (bfqq->dispatched != 0 && bfq_bfqq_may_idle(bfqq))) {
+		bfqq = NULL;
+		goto keep_queue;
+	}
+
+	reason = BFQ_BFQQ_NO_MORE_REQUESTS;
+expire:
+	bfq_bfqq_expire(bfqd, bfqq, false, reason);
+new_queue:
+	bfqq = bfq_set_in_service_queue(bfqd);
+	bfq_log(bfqd, "select_queue: new queue %d returned",
+		bfqq ? bfqq->pid : 0);
+keep_queue:
+	return bfqq;
+}
+
+static void bfq_update_wr_data(struct bfq_data *bfqd, struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
+{
+	struct bfq_entity *entity = &bfqq->entity;
+
+	if (bfqq->wr_coeff > 1) { /* queue is being weight-raised */
+		bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq,
+			"raising period dur %u/%u msec, old coeff %u, w %d(%d)",
+			jiffies_to_msecs(jiffies - bfqq->last_wr_start_finish),
+			jiffies_to_msecs(bfqq->wr_cur_max_time),
+			bfqq->wr_coeff,
+			bfqq->entity.weight, bfqq->entity.orig_weight);
+
+		BUG_ON(bfqq != bfqd->in_service_queue && entity->weight !=
+		       entity->orig_weight * bfqq->wr_coeff);
+		if (entity->prio_changed)
+			bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "WARN: pending prio change");
+
+		/*
+		 * If the queue was activated in a burst, or
+		 * too much time has elapsed from the beginning
+		 * of this weight-raising period, then end weight
+		 * raising.
+		 */
+		if (bfq_bfqq_in_large_burst(bfqq) ||
+		    time_is_before_jiffies(bfqq->last_wr_start_finish +
+					   bfqq->wr_cur_max_time)) {
+			bfqq->last_wr_start_finish = jiffies;
+			bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq,
+				     "wrais ending at %lu, rais_max_time %u",
+				     bfqq->last_wr_start_finish,
+				     jiffies_to_msecs(bfqq->wr_cur_max_time));
+			bfq_bfqq_end_wr(bfqq);
+		}
+	}
+	/* Update weight both if it must be raised and if it must be lowered */
+	if ((entity->weight > entity->orig_weight) != (bfqq->wr_coeff > 1))
+		__bfq_entity_update_weight_prio(
+			bfq_entity_service_tree(entity),
+			entity);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dispatch one request from bfqq, moving it to the request queue
+ * dispatch list.
+ */
+static int bfq_dispatch_request(struct bfq_data *bfqd,
+				struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
+{
+	int dispatched = 0;
+	struct request *rq;
+	unsigned long service_to_charge;
+
+	BUG_ON(RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&bfqq->sort_list));
+
+	/* Follow expired path, else get first next available. */
+	rq = bfq_check_fifo(bfqq);
+	if (!rq)
+		rq = bfqq->next_rq;
+	service_to_charge = bfq_serv_to_charge(rq, bfqq);
+
+	if (service_to_charge > bfq_bfqq_budget_left(bfqq)) {
+		/*
+		 * This may happen if the next rq is chosen in fifo order
+		 * instead of sector order. The budget is properly
+		 * dimensioned to be always sufficient to serve the next
+		 * request only if it is chosen in sector order. The reason
+		 * is that it would be quite inefficient and little useful
+		 * to always make sure that the budget is large enough to
+		 * serve even the possible next rq in fifo order.
+		 * In fact, requests are seldom served in fifo order.
+		 *
+		 * Expire the queue for budget exhaustion, and make sure
+		 * that the next act_budget is enough to serve the next
+		 * request, even if it comes from the fifo expired path.
+		 */
+		bfqq->next_rq = rq;
+		/*
+		 * Since this dispatch is failed, make sure that
+		 * a new one will be performed
+		 */
+		if (!bfqd->rq_in_driver)
+			bfq_schedule_dispatch(bfqd);
+		goto expire;
+	}
+
+	/* Finally, insert request into driver dispatch list. */
+	bfq_bfqq_served(bfqq, service_to_charge);
+	bfq_dispatch_insert(bfqd->queue, rq);
+
+	bfq_update_wr_data(bfqd, bfqq);
+
+	bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq,
+			"dispatched %u sec req (%llu), budg left %d",
+			blk_rq_sectors(rq),
+			(unsigned long long) blk_rq_pos(rq),
+			bfq_bfqq_budget_left(bfqq));
+
+	dispatched++;
+
+	if (!bfqd->in_service_bic) {
+		atomic_long_inc(&RQ_BIC(rq)->icq.ioc->refcount);
+		bfqd->in_service_bic = RQ_BIC(rq);
+	}
+
+	if (bfqd->busy_queues > 1 && ((!bfq_bfqq_sync(bfqq) &&
+	    dispatched >= bfqd->bfq_max_budget_async_rq) ||
+	    bfq_class_idle(bfqq)))
+		goto expire;
+
+	return dispatched;
+
+expire:
+	bfq_bfqq_expire(bfqd, bfqq, false, BFQ_BFQQ_BUDGET_EXHAUSTED);
+	return dispatched;
+}
+
+static int __bfq_forced_dispatch_bfqq(struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
+{
+	int dispatched = 0;
+
+	while (bfqq->next_rq) {
+		bfq_dispatch_insert(bfqq->bfqd->queue, bfqq->next_rq);
+		dispatched++;
+	}
+
+	BUG_ON(!list_empty(&bfqq->fifo));
+	return dispatched;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Drain our current requests.
+ * Used for barriers and when switching io schedulers on-the-fly.
+ */
+static int bfq_forced_dispatch(struct bfq_data *bfqd)
+{
+	struct bfq_queue *bfqq, *n;
+	struct bfq_service_tree *st;
+	int dispatched = 0;
+
+	bfqq = bfqd->in_service_queue;
+	if (bfqq)
+		__bfq_bfqq_expire(bfqd, bfqq);
+
+	/*
+	 * Loop through classes, and be careful to leave the scheduler
+	 * in a consistent state, as feedback mechanisms and vtime
+	 * updates cannot be disabled during the process.
+	 */
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(bfqq, n, &bfqd->active_list, bfqq_list) {
+		st = bfq_entity_service_tree(&bfqq->entity);
+
+		dispatched += __bfq_forced_dispatch_bfqq(bfqq);
+		bfqq->max_budget = bfq_max_budget(bfqd);
+
+		bfq_forget_idle(st);
+	}
+
+	BUG_ON(bfqd->busy_queues != 0);
+
+	return dispatched;
+}
+
+static int bfq_dispatch_requests(struct request_queue *q, int force)
+{
+	struct bfq_data *bfqd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
+	struct bfq_queue *bfqq;
+	int max_dispatch;
+
+	bfq_log(bfqd, "dispatch requests: %d busy queues", bfqd->busy_queues);
+	if (bfqd->busy_queues == 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (unlikely(force))
+		return bfq_forced_dispatch(bfqd);
+
+	bfqq = bfq_select_queue(bfqd);
+	if (!bfqq)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (bfq_class_idle(bfqq))
+		max_dispatch = 1;
+
+	if (!bfq_bfqq_sync(bfqq))
+		max_dispatch = bfqd->bfq_max_budget_async_rq;
+
+	if (!bfq_bfqq_sync(bfqq) && bfqq->dispatched >= max_dispatch) {
+		if (bfqd->busy_queues > 1)
+			return 0;
+		if (bfqq->dispatched >= 4 * max_dispatch)
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (bfqd->sync_flight != 0 && !bfq_bfqq_sync(bfqq))
+		return 0;
+
+	bfq_clear_bfqq_wait_request(bfqq);
+	BUG_ON(timer_pending(&bfqd->idle_slice_timer));
+
+	if (!bfq_dispatch_request(bfqd, bfqq))
+		return 0;
+
+	bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "dispatched %s request",
+			bfq_bfqq_sync(bfqq) ? "sync" : "async");
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Task holds one reference to the queue, dropped when task exits.  Each rq
+ * in-flight on this queue also holds a reference, dropped when rq is freed.
+ *
+ * Queue lock must be held here.
+ */
+static void bfq_put_queue(struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
+{
+	struct bfq_data *bfqd = bfqq->bfqd;
+#ifdef CONFIG_BFQ_GROUP_IOSCHED
+	struct bfq_group *bfqg = bfqq_group(bfqq);
+#endif
+
+	BUG_ON(atomic_read(&bfqq->ref) <= 0);
+
+	bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "put_queue: %p %d", bfqq,
+		     atomic_read(&bfqq->ref));
+	if (!atomic_dec_and_test(&bfqq->ref))
+		return;
+
+	BUG_ON(rb_first(&bfqq->sort_list));
+	BUG_ON(bfqq->allocated[READ] + bfqq->allocated[WRITE] != 0);
+	BUG_ON(bfqq->entity.tree);
+	BUG_ON(bfq_bfqq_busy(bfqq));
+	BUG_ON(bfqd->in_service_queue == bfqq);
+
+	if (bfq_bfqq_sync(bfqq))
+		/*
+		 * The fact that this queue is being destroyed does not
+		 * invalidate the fact that this queue may have been
+		 * activated during the current burst. As a consequence,
+		 * although the queue does not exist anymore, and hence
+		 * needs to be removed from the burst list if there,
+		 * the burst size has not to be decremented.
+		 */
+		hlist_del_init(&bfqq->burst_list_node);
+
+	bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "put_queue: %p freed", bfqq);
+
+	kmem_cache_free(bfq_pool, bfqq);
+#ifdef CONFIG_BFQ_GROUP_IOSCHED
+	bfqg_put(bfqg);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void bfq_exit_bfqq(struct bfq_data *bfqd, struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
+{
+	if (bfqq == bfqd->in_service_queue) {
+		__bfq_bfqq_expire(bfqd, bfqq);
+		bfq_schedule_dispatch(bfqd);
+	}
+
+	bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "exit_bfqq: %p, %d", bfqq,
+		     atomic_read(&bfqq->ref));
+
+	bfq_put_queue(bfqq);
+}
+
+static void bfq_init_icq(struct io_cq *icq)
+{
+	struct bfq_io_cq *bic = icq_to_bic(icq);
+
+	bic->ttime.last_end_request = jiffies;
+}
+
+static void bfq_exit_icq(struct io_cq *icq)
+{
+	struct bfq_io_cq *bic = icq_to_bic(icq);
+	struct bfq_data *bfqd = bic_to_bfqd(bic);
+
+	if (bic->bfqq[BLK_RW_ASYNC]) {
+		bfq_exit_bfqq(bfqd, bic->bfqq[BLK_RW_ASYNC]);
+		bic->bfqq[BLK_RW_ASYNC] = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (bic->bfqq[BLK_RW_SYNC]) {
+		bfq_exit_bfqq(bfqd, bic->bfqq[BLK_RW_SYNC]);
+		bic->bfqq[BLK_RW_SYNC] = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Update the entity prio values; note that the new values will not
+ * be used until the next (re)activation.
+ */
+static void
+bfq_set_next_ioprio_data(struct bfq_queue *bfqq, struct bfq_io_cq *bic)
+{
+	struct task_struct *tsk = current;
+	int ioprio_class;
+
+	ioprio_class = IOPRIO_PRIO_CLASS(bic->ioprio);
+	switch (ioprio_class) {
+	default:
+		dev_err(bfqq->bfqd->queue->backing_dev_info.dev,
+			"bfq: bad prio class %d\n", ioprio_class);
+	case IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE:
+		/*
+		 * No prio set, inherit CPU scheduling settings.
+		 */
+		bfqq->new_ioprio = task_nice_ioprio(tsk);
+		bfqq->new_ioprio_class = task_nice_ioclass(tsk);
+		break;
+	case IOPRIO_CLASS_RT:
+		bfqq->new_ioprio = IOPRIO_PRIO_DATA(bic->ioprio);
+		bfqq->new_ioprio_class = IOPRIO_CLASS_RT;
+		break;
+	case IOPRIO_CLASS_BE:
+		bfqq->new_ioprio = IOPRIO_PRIO_DATA(bic->ioprio);
+		bfqq->new_ioprio_class = IOPRIO_CLASS_BE;
+		break;
+	case IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE:
+		bfqq->new_ioprio_class = IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE;
+		bfqq->new_ioprio = 7;
+		bfq_clear_bfqq_idle_window(bfqq);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if (bfqq->new_ioprio < 0 || bfqq->new_ioprio >= IOPRIO_BE_NR) {
+		pr_crit("bfq_set_next_ioprio_data: new_ioprio %d\n",
+			bfqq->new_ioprio);
+		BUG();
+	}
+
+	bfqq->entity.new_weight = bfq_ioprio_to_weight(bfqq->new_ioprio);
+	bfqq->entity.prio_changed = 1;
+}
+
+static void bfq_check_ioprio_change(struct bfq_io_cq *bic, struct bio *bio)
+{
+	struct bfq_data *bfqd;
+	struct bfq_queue *bfqq, *new_bfqq;
+	unsigned long uninitialized_var(flags);
+	int ioprio = bic->icq.ioc->ioprio;
+
+	bfqd = bfq_get_bfqd_locked(&(bic->icq.q->elevator->elevator_data),
+				   &flags);
+	/*
+	 * This condition may trigger on a newly created bic, be sure to
+	 * drop the lock before returning.
+	 */
+	if (unlikely(!bfqd) || likely(bic->ioprio == ioprio))
+		goto out;
+
+	bic->ioprio = ioprio;
+
+	bfqq = bic->bfqq[BLK_RW_ASYNC];
+	if (bfqq) {
+		new_bfqq = bfq_get_queue(bfqd, bio, BLK_RW_ASYNC, bic,
+					 GFP_ATOMIC);
+		if (new_bfqq) {
+			bic->bfqq[BLK_RW_ASYNC] = new_bfqq;
+			bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq,
+				     "check_ioprio_change: bfqq %p %d",
+				     bfqq, atomic_read(&bfqq->ref));
+			bfq_put_queue(bfqq);
+		}
+	}
+
+	bfqq = bic->bfqq[BLK_RW_SYNC];
+	if (bfqq)
+		bfq_set_next_ioprio_data(bfqq, bic);
+
+out:
+	bfq_put_bfqd_unlock(bfqd, &flags);
+}
+
+static void bfq_init_bfqq(struct bfq_data *bfqd, struct bfq_queue *bfqq,
+			  struct bfq_io_cq *bic, pid_t pid, int is_sync)
+{
+	RB_CLEAR_NODE(&bfqq->entity.rb_node);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&bfqq->fifo);
+	INIT_HLIST_NODE(&bfqq->burst_list_node);
+
+	atomic_set(&bfqq->ref, 0);
+	bfqq->bfqd = bfqd;
+
+	if (bic)
+		bfq_set_next_ioprio_data(bfqq, bic);
+
+	if (is_sync) {
+		if (!bfq_class_idle(bfqq))
+			bfq_mark_bfqq_idle_window(bfqq);
+		bfq_mark_bfqq_sync(bfqq);
+	} else
+		bfq_clear_bfqq_sync(bfqq);
+	bfq_mark_bfqq_IO_bound(bfqq);
+
+	/* Tentative initial value to trade off between thr and lat */
+	bfqq->max_budget = (2 * bfq_max_budget(bfqd)) / 3;
+	bfqq->pid = pid;
+
+	bfqq->wr_coeff = 1;
+	bfqq->last_wr_start_finish = 0;
+	/*
+	 * Set to the value for which bfqq will not be deemed as
+	 * soft rt when it becomes backlogged.
+	 */
+	bfqq->soft_rt_next_start = bfq_infinity_from_now(jiffies);
+}
+
+static struct bfq_queue *bfq_find_alloc_queue(struct bfq_data *bfqd,
+					      struct bio *bio, int is_sync,
+					      struct bfq_io_cq *bic,
+					      gfp_t gfp_mask)
+{
+	struct bfq_group *bfqg;
+	struct bfq_queue *bfqq, *new_bfqq = NULL;
+	struct blkcg *blkcg;
+
+retry:
+	rcu_read_lock();
+
+	blkcg = bio_blkcg(bio);
+	bfqg = bfq_find_alloc_group(bfqd, blkcg);
+	/* bic always exists here */
+	bfqq = bic_to_bfqq(bic, is_sync);
+
+	/*
+	 * Always try a new alloc if we fall back to the OOM bfqq
+	 * originally, since it should just be a temporary situation.
+	 */
+	if (!bfqq || bfqq == &bfqd->oom_bfqq) {
+		bfqq = NULL;
+		if (new_bfqq) {
+			bfqq = new_bfqq;
+			new_bfqq = NULL;
+		} else if (gfpflags_allow_blocking(gfp_mask)) {
+			rcu_read_unlock();
+			spin_unlock_irq(bfqd->queue->queue_lock);
+			new_bfqq = kmem_cache_alloc_node(bfq_pool,
+					gfp_mask | __GFP_ZERO,
+					bfqd->queue->node);